eyeless on campus May 2018
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HAWAII-- Huge Eruption, Quakes Predicted--VOLCANOLOGIST JAGGAR RETURNS FROM MAINLAND--!! 04 May 2018
STAYED FOR MONTH IN ACTIVE MOUTH OF LIVE VOLCANO
(By Associated Press.) Hilo, Island of Hawaii, T. H., Jan 11. Discovery of a distinct tidal movement, referable to the action of the sun and the moon, in the entire lava column, crags, islands, lake banks and shelves within the encirc-ling crater of the fire pit of Kilouea volcano on this island, from which a system may be evolved, whereby earthquake and volcanic eruptions might be predicted considerably in advance, has just been announced here by Professor Thomas A. Jag-gar, zoyernment volcanologist sta-tioned at Kilauea. The tidal movements have been demonstrated by 27,000 observations to occur daily and semi-daily, ana-logous to those of the sea. The move-ment rangez from one to four feet every day. It naturally is iiiore pro-nounced in the liquid laval melt than in the stiffer magma and the move-ments of both have been reduced to terms of regularity from the irreg-ular pulsations caused by gas pres-sure with which they are merged in the complicated volcanic mechanism that actuates the entire lava column, Prof. Jaggar said. During certain configurations of the sun and moon these tides should pile up into greater cNises, possible of prediction in advance so that war-ning might he issued of danger aris-ing from the eruption, he said.•
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The story of the methods employ-ed in obtaining the 27,000 observa-tions also was related by 'Prof. Jag-gar. He and several volunteer as-sistants spent 31 days and nights of extreme danger within the great ac-tive throat of the volcano during time of intense activity, enorhous gas pressure and frequent overflowing of the lava lakes. The band pitched a tent upon the hardened lava on the bank of one of the lakes anti installed their transits and other instruments for taking fre-quent measurements of the move-ments of the fire lakes. It was pretty warm down there,' Prof. Jaggar said, "Time after time the ten poles caught fire from the intense heat in the cracks of the floor. We did all our own cooking and boiled our water in red-hot crevices. We took observations every 20 minutes, day and night throughout the month, often under very difficult circumstan-ces. We had to contend with heat, gas, smoke fumes and earthquakes. rising and subsidence of the bank up-on which we stood and, worst of all, the frequent overflowing of the liq-uid lava that more than once nearly cost us our lives."
Marshfield News Herald Jan 11, 1922
HAWAII--Kilauea Eruption 2018--KAPIOLANI AND THE FIRE GODDESS PELE
(The Pit)--Following legend about the fire goddess who lives in the volcano--
..Challenge to fire goddess Pele The book "Incredible Hawaii" appears in chapter form each Sunday in the Star-Bulletin & Advertiser. The book. which runs 52 chapters with pictures, delves into anecdotal scenes of little-known Hawaii. Kapiolani. high chiefess and wife of Naihe, a chief of Ka'awaloa of the Big Island. stands high on the list of Hawaii's heroic women. She openly confronted Pele, the Fire Goddess who lives in Kilauea volcano. On the edict of Kamehameha H in 1819, the old tabu (kapu) system had been overthrown by the Hawaiians and the old gods went with it. Supporters of the old religion took up arms to support their faith, but Christi-anity had come to stay and they were defeated. Kapiolani was an ardent convert to Christianity. and she decided to give visible evidence of her faith by confronting Pele and breaking, once and for all, the awe her people felt for that capricious goddess. She made her way to Kilauea, descended several hundred feet into the fire pit, ate the ohelo berries sacred to Pele and cast stones into the flames below. Then she proclaimed "Jehovah is my God—it is my God and not Pele that kindled these fires!" Her spectacular act con-verted many Pele devotees and advanced Christianity in all the islands. In far-off England. Alfred Lord Tennyson was in-spired to write in praise of her courage. In 1825 Robert Dampier. artist of the ship Blonde commanded by Lord Byron (cousin of the poet), made a sketch in his journal of the Kilauea crater and marked with an X the spot where a but had been erected for Kapiolani's use. international Copyright (C) 1974 bv Cha•lws E Tuttle Co Inc
Honolulu Star Bulletin 15 Dec 1974
Arkansas (KS) City Daily (14 July, 1891)--
HAWAII--Kilauea Eruption 2018--TENNYSON, KAPIOLANI & FIRE GODDESS PELE
(Le Café)--Following is the poem dedicated to the Hawaiian queen by Tennyson after she renounced the fire goddess Pele living in the Big Island volcano--
WHEN from the terrors of Nature a people have fashion’d and worship a Spirit of Evil,
Blest he the Voice of the Teacher who calls to them
‘Set yourselves free!’
II.
Noble the Saxon who hurl’d at his Idol a valorous weapon in olden England!
Great and greater, and greatest of women, island heroine, Kapiolani
Clomb the mountain, and flung the berries, and dared the Goddess, and freed the people
Of Hawa-i-ee!
III.
A people believing that Peelè the Goddess would wallow in fiery riot and revel
On Kilauēä,
Dance in a fountain of flame with her devils, or shake with tier thunders and shatter her island,
Rolling her anger
Thro’ blasted valley and flaring forest in blood-red cataracts down to the sea!
IV.
Long as the lava-light
Glares from the lava-lake
Dazing the starlight,
Long as the silvery vapour in daylight
Over the mountain
Floats, will the glory of Kapiolani be mingled with either on Hawa-i-ee.
V.
What said her Priesthood?
‘Woe to this island if ever a woman should handle or gather the berries of Peelè!
Accurséd were she!
And woe to this island if ever a woman should climb to the dwelling of Peelè the Goddess!
Accurséd were she!’
VI.
One from the Sunrise
Dawn’d on His people, and slowly before him
Vanish’d shadow-like
Gods and Goddesses,
None but the terrible Peelè remaining as Kapiolani ascended her mountain,
Baffled her priesthood,
Broke the Taboo,
Dipt to the crater,
Call’d on the Power adored by the Christian, and crying ‘I dare her, let Peelè avenge herself ’!
Into the flame-billow dash’d the berries, and drove the demon from Hawa-i-ee.
28 November 2022
#MAUNALOA ERUPTION 1881-- Ke'elikolani Appeases Pele--HAWAIIAN VOLCANO GODDESS
Mauna Loa, Princess Ruth & Pele, by Russ and Peg Apple
Lava in massive volume began to move down the flank of Mauna Loa on Nov. 5, 1880. Lava continued to flow for nine months and moved steadily toward Hilo.
By July 1881, the port town of Hilo and its harbor seemed doomed.
As the lava flow moved down the northeast flank of Mauna Loa volcano toward the town of Hilo, officials began to build earth dikes by hand labor to divert the flow toward the Puna district.
There was talk of using dynamite part way up the flow to tap it and rob the moving front of some of its supply. While officials worked and planned in 1881 to save Hilo, Christians held prayer meetings in the town's churches.
CHRISTIANS PRAYED to the Christian god. Some members of Hilo's Hawaiian community, albeit nominal church members, believed the volcano goddess Pele was moving the flow toward Hilo in anger. If Pele were properly propitiated, the goddess might stop the flow. Hilo Hawaiians sent delegations to Honolulu during the months that lava flowed toward town. They came to ask Luka Ke'elikolani to intercede with Pele.
CAUCASIANS IN Hawaii called Luka Ke'elikolani by the name of Ruth — a name she despised because it sounded too haole. But when Caucasians addressed her in person, they called her Princess Ke'elikolani, for she was a member of the royal family of the Kingdom of Hawaii, a half-sister of Kings Kamehameha IV and V. Luka Ke'elikolani's ancestry went back to the founding Polynesian gods. She was a granddaughter of Kamehameha the Great, who also dealt, not always successfully, with the volcano goddess.
Ke'elikolani could speak English fluently — she had learned it in missionary homes and at the Royal Childrens' school taught by Christian missionaries. But in her adulthood, she spoke only Hawaiian and demanded that Hawaiian be used in addressing her.
AN UNOFFICIAL leader of the Hawaiians when they thought Hawaiian and sought their heritage, Luka Ke'elikolani was probably the only person in the 1880s whom Madame Pele might listen to and accept offerings from. In July, 1881, Ke'elikolani agreed to come to Hilo. With about 25 servants, attendants and companions, she sailed on the interisland ship Iwalani.
Luka arrived at dockside in a special open wagon built for her. Its bed was three feet high so she could easily climb on and lie down. Four men pulled the wagon's tongue, and another walked behind to adjust her pillows and otherwise attend her. LUKA'S BED, whether on shipboard, in the wagon, or in one of her several homes was the floor. Sweet smelling maile vines were laid out first. The vines were covered by blankets of velvet, and pillows were placed about her and moved and plumped as she directed. Estimates of Luka Ke'elikolani's weight in 1881 started at 400 pounds and went up. She was hoisted on and off ships.
After being lowered by cargo boom into a boat and then landed on the beach at Hilo, Ke'elikolani ordered that she be taken to her Hilo home, Waiolama, and that a feast be prepared for her. Hilo Hawaiians had hoped she would go directly to the advancing lava front and be about her business with Pele. During the several days she rested at Waiolama, she received delegations of Hawaiians. Pressure on her to go to the flow and appease Pele increased.
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